Application of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to Mitigate Ergonomic Risks in Visual Communication Design Vocational High School

2026-04-11T15:18:26+00:00

This study aimed to identify ergonomic hazards and assess occupational health risk levels among Vocational High School students in the Visual Communication Design program. Using a qualitative approach with 32 Grade XII participants, data were collected through participatory observation of 10 critical work steps and workstation measurements. The analysis, mapped into a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) matrix, revealed significant facility dimensional gaps that forced postural compensation. Results indicated that 60% of work steps were classified as High Risk, with the highest risk scores (R=15) identified in repetitive mouse usage and long-duration static work. These risks were driven by an "almost certain" frequency of exposure, confirming the existence of chronic "silent hazards" within computer laboratories. While limited to a case study in Tangerang City, the findings implied that vocational environments harbour cumulative musculoskeletal risks often overlooked compared to acute safety issues. Consequently, the study recommended administrative controls, specifically disciplined micro-breaks and the 20-20-20 visual rule as the most effective and economical mitigation strategies compared to overhauling physical facilities. This research emphasized the urgency of establishing a healthy work culture for the future creative workforce. Its novelty lay in adapting JSA methodology to detect preventive health risks in non-technical Vocational High School settings, distinct from the conventional focus on physical safety in heavy industries.

Effect of Temperature and Catalyst Concentration on the Quality of Biodiesel Oil Extracted From Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)

2026-04-12T18:05:59+00:00

Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that can be produced from lipid-rich materials through the transesterification process. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia Illucens) contain approximately 30–40% fat, making them a potential alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reaction temperature and KOH catalyst concentration on the yield and quality of biodiesel derived from BSF larvae oil. Oil extraction was conducted using the Soxhlet method with n-hexane, where 15 g of dried larvae powder extracted for 240 minutes produced the highest oil yield of 97% (w/w). The extracted oil was then converted into biodiesel through transesterification at two temperatures (65°C and 70°C) and two catalyst concentrations (1% and 2% w/v KOH). Biodiesel quality was analyzed based on SNI 7182:2015. The highest biodiesel yield, 60.19% (v/v), was obtained at 70°C and 1% KOH (A2B1). The resulting biodiesel met major SNI requirements, including density (869.59 kg/m³), kinematic viscosity (4.75 cSt), cetane number (44.25), acid number (0.32 mg KOH/g), iodine number (16.8 g-I₂/100 g), and FAME content (97.45%). These findings confirm that BSF larvae oil is a viable non-conventional feedstock for biodiesel production. This study is limited by the narrow range of reaction variables tested, suggesting that broader optimization—such as variations in alcohol ratio, reaction time, and pretreatment—may further improve yields. Practically, biodiesel production from BSF larvae supports waste valorization because larvae can be cultivated using organic waste streams. Socially, this approach reduces dependence on edible vegetable oils and supports circular economy initiatives. The originality of this research lies in its systematic evaluation of transesterification conditions for BSF-derived oil, providing new insights into the development of insect-based biodiesel technology.

INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi

Application of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to Mitigate Ergonomic Risks in Visual Communication Design Vocational High School

Effect of Temperature and Catalyst Concentration on the Quality of Biodiesel Oil Extracted From Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)