Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 41 Download : 12

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Free school lunch policies have been shown to improve student health and well-being in many countries. However, the implementation of these policies in low- and middle-income countries faces significant challenges, including logistical issues, budget constraints, and coordination among stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by countries that have already implemented free lunch programs, with a focus on the lessons learned by Indonesia in preparing a similar policy. This research is a literature review, utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study focuses on the 10 highest-cited articles from the Scopus database published between 2019 and 2024 that discuss the implementation of free lunch programs in various countries. Document analysis was employed to extract and synthesize key challenges and solutions. Findings show that the main challenges include difficulties with food distribution in remote areas, lack of sustainable budgets, and suboptimal coordination between the government and schools. The implications of the study highlight the importance of strengthening logistics infrastructure and improving coordination across sectors in Indonesia to ensure smooth implementation of the school lunch policy. Future research needs to focus on the long-term impact of the lunch program on academic achievement and innovative logistics models that can be adapted for remote areas in Indonesia.

Keywords

Problematic Analysis Lunch Program School Feeding Nutritional Intake Vocational School

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c): Fivia Eliza, Jamaris Jamaris, Sufyarma Marsidin, Juli Sardi, Habibullah Habibullah, Radinal Fadli (2025)
How to Cite
Eliza, F., Jamaris, J., Marsidin, S., Sardi, J., Habibullah, H., & Fadli, R. (2025). Problematic Analysis of the National Free School Lunch Policy on Vocational Education. INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional Dan Teknologi, 24(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v24i2.1180

References

  1. D. Bethmann and J. Il Cho, “The impacts of free school lunch policies on adolescent BMI and mental health: Evidence from a natural experiment in South Korea,” SSM - Popul. Heal., vol. 18, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.SSMPH.2022.101072.
  2. D. Wang and W. W. Fawzi, “Impacts of school feeding on educational and health outcomes of school-age children and adolescents in low-A nd middle-income countries: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Syst. Rev., vol. 9, no. 1, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1186/S13643-020-01317-6.
  3. I. G. Canuto, D. T. da Cunha, P. R. Buarque, and I. M. M. de Carvalho, “Are Socio-Economic Indicators Associated with Food Safety in Public Schools? A Study in Sergipe State, Brazil,” Foods, vol. 13, no. 16, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.3390/FOODS13162620.
  4. R. H. Sa’adah, R. B. Herman, and S. Sastri, “Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Guguk Malintang Kota Padangpanjang,” J. Kesehat. Andalas, vol. 3, no. 3, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.25077/JKA.V3I3.176.
  5. H. Setyawan et al., “Impact of Variable Speed Drive Jobsheet Integrated with Project-Based Learning Model on Electric Motor Control Skills of Vocational Students,” INVOTEK J. Inov. Vokasional dan Teknol., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 175–186, May 2023, doi: 10.24036/INVOTEK.V23I3.1155.
  6. P. Lundborg, D. O. Rooth, and J. Alex-Petersen, “Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform,” Rev. Econ. Stud., vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 876–908, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1093/RESTUD/RDAB028.
  7. H. R. Thompson, S. S. Machado, K. A. Madsen, R. Cauchon-Robles, M. Neelon, and L. Ritchie, “Impact of a Teacher Intervention to Encourage Students to Eat School Lunch,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 18, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH191811553.
  8. M. A. Fauzan, Y. Nurmalasari, and A. Anggunan, “Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Prestasi Belajar,” J. Ilm. Kesehat. Sandi Husada, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 105–111, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.35816/JISKH.V10I1.517.
  9. A. R. Lindke, T. A. Smith, C. J. Cotwright, D. Morris, and G. O. Cox, “Plate Waste Evaluation of Plant-Based Protein Entrees in National School Lunch Program,” J. Nutr. Educ. Behav., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 12–19, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2021.06.002.
  10. T. Thomas and D. Brenner, “Challenges of the Community Eligibility Provision of the National School Lunch Program: A Conversation about the Poverty Indicators in Education Working Group,” Rural Educ., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 69–70, 2022, doi: 10.55533/2643-9662.1394.
  11. G. Golino, K. Ralston, and J. Guthrie, “Participation Trends for Full Price Meals in the National School Lunch Program,” Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1161–1175, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1002/AEPP.13071.
  12. N. M. Lowe, P. Qualter, J. K. Sinclair, S. Gupta, and M. Zaman, “School Feeding to Improve Cognitive Performance in Disadvantaged Children: A 3-Arm Parallel Controlled Trial in Northwest Pakistan,” Nutrients, vol. 15, no. 7, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/NU15071768.
  13. J. Ma and C. Liu, “School Feeding Programs in the United States during 1853-2010,” Chinese J. Sch. Heal., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 173–175, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.16835/J.CNKI.1000-9817.2023.02.003.
  14. F. Susilowati, N. E. Lestari, and N. A. Shifa, “Konsentrasi Belajar pada Anak Sekolah Dasar dapat di Pengaruhi oleh Sarapan Pagi dan Status Gizi,” Jakarta J. Heal. Sci., vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 16–24, Jun. 2021, Accessed: May 15, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://jakartajournals.net/index.php/oajjhs/article/view/6
  15. W. R. McKinzie, M. Bampasidou, C. Besse, J. M. Fannin, and C. E. Motsenbocker, “Research Update: Engaging School Food Authorities in Local Procurement Economic Impact Study,” J. Food Distrib. Res., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 47–49, Mar. 2023.
  16. K. Mayurasakorn, B. Pinsawas, P. Mongkolsucharitkul, K. Sranacharoenpong, and S. nga Damapong, “School closure, COVID-19 and lunch programme: Unprecedented undernutrition crisis in low-middle income countries,” J. Paediatr. Child Health, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1013–1017, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1111/JPC.15018.
  17. B. Asmare, M. Taddele, S. Berihun, and F. Wagnew, “Nutritional status and correlation with academic performance among primary school children, northwest Ethiopia,” BMC Res. Notes, vol. 11, no. 1, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1186/S13104-018-3909-1.
  18. W. Mengist, T. Soromessa, and G. Legese, “Method for conducting systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science research,” MethodsX, vol. 7, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.MEX.2019.100777.
  19. A. Anghelescu et al., “PRISMA Systematic Literature Review, including with Meta-Analysis vs. Chatbot/GPT (AI) regarding Current Scientific Data on the Main Effects of the Calf Blood Deproteinized Hemoderivative Medicine (Actovegin) in Ischemic Stroke,” Biomedicines, vol. 11, no. 6, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3390/BIOMEDICINES11061623.
  20. E. van Laar, A. J. A. M. van Deursen, J. A. G. M. van Dijk, and J. de Haan, “The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 72, pp. 577–588, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.CHB.2017.03.010.
  21. Z. Munn, M. D. J. Peters, C. Stern, C. Tufanaru, A. McArthur, and E. Aromataris, “Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach,” BMC Med. Res. Methodol., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1186/S12874-018-0611-X/TABLES/1.
  22. Y. Xiao and M. Watson, “Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review,” https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 93–112, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1177/0739456X17723971.
  23. H. J. Zar, J. Dawa, G. B. Fischer, and J. A. Castro-Rodriguez, “Challenges of COVID-19 in children in low- and middle-income countries,” Paediatr. Respir. Rev., vol. 35, pp. 70–74, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.PRRV.2020.06.016.
  24. E. W. Kinsey et al., “School closures during COVID-19: Opportunities for innovation in meal service,” Am. J. Public Health, vol. 110, no. 11, pp. 1635–1643, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305875.
  25. D. K. Evans and A. Mendez Acosta, “Education in Africa: What Are We Learning?,” J. Afr. Econ., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 13–54, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1093/JAE/EJAA009.
  26. M. Alvi and M. Gupta, “Learning in times of lockdown: how Covid-19 is affecting education and food security in India,” Food Secur., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 793–796, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1007/S12571-020-01065-4.
  27. K. Kinderknecht, C. Harris, and J. Jones-Smith, “Association of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act with Dietary Quality among Children in the US National School Lunch Program,” JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc., vol. 324, no. 4, pp. 359–368, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.9517.
  28. B. B. R. Jablonski et al., “Emergency Food Provision for Children and Families during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examples from Five U.S. Cities,” Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 169–184, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1002/AEPP.13096.
  29. P. Lundborg, D. O. Rooth, and J. Alex-Petersen, “Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform,” Rev. Econ. Stud., vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 876–908, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1093/RESTUD/RDAB028.
  30. E. C. Gearan and M. K. Fox, “Updated Nutrition Standards Have Significantly Improved the Nutritional Quality of School Lunches and Breakfasts,” J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., vol. 120, no. 3, pp. 363–370, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.022.
  31. J. Gordanier, O. Ozturk, B. Williams, and C. Zhan, “Free Lunch for All! The Effect of the Community Eligibility Provision on Academic Outcomes,” Econ. Educ. Rev., vol. 77, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2020.101999.
  32. H. Wang and Z. Cheng, “Kids Eat free: School feeding and family spending on education,” J. Econ. Behav. Organ., vol. 193, pp. 196–212, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JEBO.2021.11.023.
  33. L. Rossi, M. Ferrari, D. Martone, L. Benvenuti, and A. De Santis, “The promotions of sustainable lunch meals in school feeding programs: The case of Italy,” Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 5, 2021, doi: 10.3390/NU13051571.
  34. C. Koedel and E. Parsons, “The Effect of the Community Eligibility Provision on the Ability of Free and Reduced-Price Meal Data to Identify Disadvantaged Students,” Educ. Eval. Policy Anal., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 3–31, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.3102/0162373720968550.
  35. D. Serebrennikov, B. Katare, L. Kirkham, and S. Schmitt, “Effect of classroom intervention on student food selection and plate waste: Evidence from a randomized control trial,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 1, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0226181.
  36. L. J. Drake et al., “Establishing Global School Feeding Program Targets: How Many Poor Children Globally Should Be Prioritized, and What Would Be the Cost of Implementation?,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 8, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2020.530176.
  37. D. T. Altindag, D. Baek, H. Lee, and J. Merkle, “Free lunch for all? The impact of universal school lunch on student misbehavior,” Econ. Educ. Rev., vol. 74, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2019.101945.
  38. E. B. Dos Santos, D. da C. Maynard, R. P. Zandonadi, A. Raposo, and R. B. A. Botelho, “Sustainability Recommendations and Practices in School Feeding: A Systematic Review,” Foods, vol. 11, no. 2, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/FOODS11020176.
  39. K. Connolly et al., “Dedication, innovation, and collaboration: A mixed-methods analysis of school meals in Connecticut during COVID-19,” J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 11–27, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.5304/JAFSCD.2021.102.020.
  40. M. Boklis-Berer, F. Rauber, C. M. Azeredo, R. B. Levy, and M. L. da C. Louzada, “The adherence to school meals is associated with a lower occurrence of obesity among Brazilian adolescents,” Prev. Med. (Baltim)., vol. 150, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2021.106709.
  41. P. Z. Mgqibandaba, F. K. Madilo, C. J. Du-Preez, J. Mjoka, and K. Unathi, “Evaluating food safety and hygiene knowledge and practices among foodservice staff of feeding scheme in the primary schools in Soweto, South Africa,” J. Food Saf., vol. 40, no. 3, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1111/JFS.12792.
  42. R. Kaur, “Estimating the impact of school feeding programs: Evidence from mid day meal scheme of India,” Econ. Educ. Rev., vol. 84, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2021.102171.
  43. V. F. Chan et al., “Is an integrated model of school eye health delivery more cost-effective than a vertical model? An implementation research in Zanzibar,” BMJ Open Ophthalmol., vol. 6, no. 1, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1136/BMJOPHTH-2020-000561.
  44. P. Modjadji, “Engaging mothers on the growth of school-age children in a rural south african health and demographic site: A qualitative insight,” Healthc., vol. 9, no. 2, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE9020225.
  45. C. M. Mostert, “The impact of the school feeding programme on the education and health outcomes of South African children,” Child. Youth Serv. Rev., vol. 126, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2021.106029.
  46. T. Nyawo, H. Kesa, and E. Onyenweaku, “Food Safety and Hygiene: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Food Handlers,” African J. Hosp. Tour. Leis., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 547–558, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.46222/AJHTL.19770720-117.
  47. M. Devonald, N. Jones, and W. Yadete, “Addressing educational attainment inequities in rural Ethiopia: Leave no adolescent behind,” Dev. Policy Rev., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 740–756, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1111/DPR.12523.
  48. A. Watts et al., “The campaign for universal free lunch in New York City: Lessons learned,” Pediatrics, vol. 148, no. 4, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1542/PEDS.2020-049734.
  49. J. M. Joyce, R. R. Rosenkranz, and S. K. Rosenkranz, “Evaluation of variability in dietary quality of school lunches meeting national school lunch program guidelines by socioeconomic status and rurality,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 21, pp. 1–13, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH17218012.
  50. G. Berhanu, B. Dessalegn, H. Ali, and K. Animut, “Determinants of nutritional status among primary school students in Dilla Town; Application of an ordinal logistic regression model,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 3, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2023.E13928.
  51. A. Al-Jawaldeh et al., “School-Based Nutrition Programs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 20, no. 22, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH20227047.
  52. C. Rector et al., “School-Based Nutrition Programs for Adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Situation Analysis,” Food Nutr. Bull., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 378–388, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1177/03795721211020715.
  53. A. Cupertino, V. Ginani, A. P. Cupertino, and R. B. A. Botelho, “School Feeding Programs: What Happens Globally?,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 4, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH19042265.
  54. K. Bigson, E. K. Essuman, and C. W. Lotse, “Food Hygiene Practices at the Ghana School Feeding Programme in Wa and Cape Coast Cities,” J. Environ. Public Health, vol. 2020, 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/9083716.
  55. L. Flure, M. P. Prescott, W. Ajie, T. Allison, and J. McCaffrey, “Training preferences of school food service staff vary by role in the school nutrition program,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–19, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH18010050.
  56. A. Silva, D. Magana-Lemus, and D. Godoy, “The effect of education on fruit and vegetable purchase disparities in Chile,” Br. Food J., vol. 123, no. 8, pp. 2756–2769, 2021, doi: 10.1108/BFJ-12-2020-1184.
  57. D. X. Monroy-Parada, L. Prieto-Castillo, E. Ordaz-Castillo, M. J. Bosqued, F. Rodríguez-Artalejo, and M. Á. Royo-Bordonada, “Map of school nutritional policies in Spain,” Gac. Sanit., vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 123–129, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.GACETA.2019.10.005.
  58. T. De Carvalho Souza Machado, C. C. A. Borges, F. C. R. Mendonça, and B. C. E. P. D. De Oliveira, “Parasitological evaluation of lettuce served in school meals at a federal state school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,” J. Trop. Pathol., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 33–44, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.5216/RPT.V49I1.61879.
  59. S. S. Machado, L. D. Ritchie, H. R. Thompson, and K. A. Madsen, “The impact of a multi-pronged intervention on students’ perceptions of school lunch quality and convenience and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 1–11, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH17165987.
  60. J. M. Joyce, K. Harris, E. L. Mailey, R. R. Rosenkranz, and S. K. Rosenkranz, “Acceptability and feasibility of best practice school lunches by elementary school-aged children in a serve setting: A randomized crossover trial,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 17, pp. 1–25, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH17176299.
  61. V. T. Siy Van et al., “A Community-Led Central Kitchen Model for School Feeding Programs in the Philippines: Learnings for Multisectoral Action for Health,” Glob. Heal. Sci. Pract., vol. 10, no. 6, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00391.
  62. X. Zheng, J. Ren, D. Chen, and X. Fang, “School feeding and children’s noncognitive skills: Evidence from the Nutrition Improvement Program in rural China,” Appl. Econ., vol. 55, no. 55, pp. 6459–6478, 2023, doi: 10.1080/00036846.2022.2156472.
  63. P. S. Okah, J. C. Ene, A. A. Agha, P. C. Ekoh, C. E. Onalu, and S. O. Ebimgbo, “Stakeholders’ perceptions on the nutritional and educational impacts of National Home Grown School Feeding Programme on pupils of rural public primary schools in Ebonyi State, Nigeria,” Educ. 3-13, 2023, doi: 10.1080/03004279.2023.2229863.
  64. P. Xu et al., “Changing trends in school-meal catering services as part of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students,” Chinese J. Sch. Heal., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 337–341, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.16835/J.CNKI.1000-9817.2021.03.005.
  65. C. Wall, T. Tolar-Peterson, N. Reeder, M. Roberts, A. Reynolds, and G. R. Mendez, “The Impact of School Meal Programs on Educational Outcomes in African Schoolchildren: A Systematic Review,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 19, no. 6, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH19063666.
  66. A. Wineman et al., “School Meal Programs in Africa: Regional Results From the 2019 Global Survey of School Meal Programs,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 10, May 2022, doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.871866.
  67. D. da Silva Monte Nero, R. P. M. Garcia, and A. A. Almassy, “The National School Feeding Programme (Pnae) from its decentralisation management,” Ensaio, vol. 31, no. 118, 2023, doi: 10.1590/S0104-40362022003003056.
  68. J. Ren, X. Zheng, R. Smith, and X. Fang, “School feeding program and urban–rural inequality of child health: Evidence from China,” Agribusiness, vol. 39, no. S1, pp. 1399–1416, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1002/AGR.21862.
  69. G. Aydin, C. Margerison, A. Worsley, and A. Booth, “Parental support for free school lunches in Australian primary schools: Associated factors and perceived barriers,” Public Health Nutr., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3320–3330, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1017/S1368980023002240.