Virtual Reality in Experiential Learning Models to Develop Students' Computational Thinking: A Systematic Literature Review

Dewi Permata Suci; Erna Piantari; Eka Fitrajaya Rahman

doi:10.24036/invotek.v26i1.1366

Authors

Dewi Permata Suci Computer Science Education Study Program, University of Education Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia-40154
Erna Piantari Computer Science Education Study Program, University of Education Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia-40154
Eka Fitrajaya Rahman Computer Science Education Study Program, University of Education Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia-40154

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v26i1.1366

Keywords:

Computational Thinking, Experiential Learning, Systematic Literature Review, Virtual Reality, Vocational Education

Abstract

Computer network learning in vocational schools is considered difficult because the material is abstract. This often causing confusion for students when solving problems systematically. Based on these problems, this study aims to systematically review and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) integrated with the Experiential Learning (EL) Kolb model in developing Computational Thinking (CT) abilities. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and PRISMA protocol. we analyzed 26 selected articles from 2,479 initial results (search on May 26, 2026). The results indicate that immersion-based VR serves as a real simulator, providing a Concrete Experience and facilitating Active Experimentation through hands-on practice. For school with limited VR devices in schools, collaborative learning methods are an effective alternative solution. This approach strengthens group memory, which effectively fulfills the Reflective Observation stage in Kolb's theory. Furthermore, manipulating digital objects in VR supports Abstract Conceptualization, helping students stimulate pillars of decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmic reasoning. In conclusion, this study analyze the trends and development in current research to demonstrate how the collaboration between VR and EL models offers a new scientific contribution. These findings provide a clear guide for teachers and curriculum developers to design more effective teaching strategies in vocational schools.

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